FCAW electrode desgination - ISO 17632

 

Source: SFI/IWE 1.08:2018 - Table 3

ASTM A516M Gr. 485 là gì?

ASTM A516M Gr. 485 là gì?

--> Gr. 485 tương đương với Gr. 70.

Có hai đơn vị tính là US và SI
__Hệ US: ASTM A516 Gr. 70
__Hệ SI: ASTM A516M Gr. 485

ASTM A516 Gr. 70N and Gr. 70

Sự khác nhau gữa ASTM A516 Gr. 70N and Gr. 70 là gì?
--> khác nhau chính là vật liệu có xử lý nhiệt (Gr. 70N) và vật liệu không xử lý nhiệt (Gr. 70).

Về giá cả và mục đích sử dụng chắc chắn khác nhau, bạn xem trong thiết kế có apply "Normalizing" và đơn giá mua hàng.

Kiểm tra như thế nào?
__ASTM A516 Gr.70N là vật liệu có xử lý nhiệt "Material Treated" nên markings phải có đóng số cứng "MT". Yêu cầu tại ASTM A516/A516M-18 (ASME II 2021), SA-20/20M Section 13.
__ASTM A516 Gr. 70 không yêu cầu xử lý nhiệt nên không yêu cầu đánh dấu "MT".

ASTM A105 / A105N

Hiểu cách viết ASTM A105N hoặc ASME SA 105N.
--> Để hiểu rõ cần xem xét các chứng chỉ về dãy nhiệt độ và phương pháp xử lý nhiệt.
--> Tiêu chuẩn không quy định đánh dấu "N" trên sản phẩm, nhưng các nhà sản xuất sẽ tư đánh giá cụ thể để phân biệt.

__N - Normalized: thường hóa.

Chứng chỉ phải ghi rõ "Normalized" với nhiệt độ. Bạn có thể kiểm tra nhanh các note trong MTC (Material testing certificate". Để chắc chắn hơn, các nhà sản xuất còn dính kèm cái sơ đồ xử lý nhiệt để kiểm tra và đối chứng.

Trường hợp "hot forming" khác với "normalizing" là gì?

Đánh dấu "Normalizing" trên sản phẩm?

ASME SA516 70 MT LTV

ASME SA 70N: Normalized - thường hóa, vật liệu được xử lý nhiệt "Material Treated". Bạn tham khảo các yêu cầu tại MT = material heat treated, see Section 13 of SA-20 2021. 

LTV = Supplementary S5 “Charpy V-Notch Impact Test”, see Supplementary Requirement S5 of SA-516 2021.

ASME SA 106 - NDE/ Hydrotest

ASTM A106 

 

NDE/ HT có yêu cầu bắt buộc trên ống ASME SA 106 hay không?
--> Yêu cầu bắt buộc theo ASME SA 106 2021 - Table 4 đối với ông có đường kính NPS 2" trở lên. Các kích thước còn lại marking trên secured tag. Xem tại SA 530 Section 23 và SA 106 Section 24.

___ Hydrotest: thì phải nhận dạng áp suất thử, không đánh dấu "HT", áp suất thử phải thể hiện trên MTC (Material Testing Report), tiêu chí chấp nhận SA-106 Section 13.
___NDE: thì đánh dấu "NDE", phương pháp NDE phải ghi rõ trên MTC (Material Testing Report), tiêu chí chấp nhận SA-106 Section 14.

ASTM A106 - Weight class

ASTM A106 

 

Orignal marking khối lượng trên ống ASTM A106 là bắt buột?
--> Đúng, yêu cầu tại SA 106 2021 Section 25 đối với ống có đường kính DN100 trở lên phải đánh dấu khối lượng. tham khảo ... "the schedule number, weight class, or nominal wall thickness; and, for sizes larger than NPS 4 [DN 100], the weight", ...

Một trong những vật liệu mua từ TQ thường không có hoặc các nhà cung cấp sửa thông tin hoặc unmarkings sẽ sót chỗ này. Tùy theo mục đích sử dụng và yêu càu để xác nhận / kiểm tra sự phù hợp.

ASTM A106 - seamless pipe or welded pipe

ASTM A106 không có ống hàn (welded) pipe. Yêu cầu kỹ thuật chỉ có ống seamless.

--> Xem title và Section 1 - Scope.

Trường hợp dual markings với API 5L?

--> Nếu đánh dấu cả hai (dual markings) thì chỉ áp dụng cho seamless pipe.

Còn ống hàn (welded) thì chỉ áp dụng theo Tiêu Chuẩn API 5L hoặc tiêu chuẩn khác như A53.

ASTM A106 Production Analysis

ASTM A106 Production Analysis tại sao phải kiêm tra MTC là 2 mẫu (test coupon).

ASME SA 106 2021 - Section 9: đối với trường hợp yêu cầu dự án thực hiện trên production, thì báo cáo MTC phải thể hiện ít nhất 2 mẫu kiểm tra và kết quả kiểm tra.

Sampling xem tại Section 20 của tiêu chuẩn này.

Rất nhiều MTC sót chỗ này, bạn xem các chứng chỉ từ Nippon Steel thì rất tuyệt vời, họ làm khá đủ để tự tin so với các MTC từ TQ.

ASTM A106 - Tolerance

Dung sai kiểm tra ống ASTM A106 ở đâu?
--> Phiên bản áp dụng và chuẩn bị áp dụng là ASME SA-106/106M 2021 hoặc ASTM A106-08.
___Dung sai đường kính: theo ASTM A106 Section 16.2 và ASTM A530.
___Dung sai khối lượng: ASTM A106 Section 16.1 là -3.5% / +10%.
___Dung sai thickness: ASTM A106 Section 16.3, -12.5% / không giới hạn max..
 
Lý do, tăng thickness thì tăng khối lượng nên phải xác định khối lượng tịnh trên MTC thì bạn sẽ hiểu sai sót ở đâu? Nhà sản xuất khó sai số liệu này, chỉ có nhà phân phối sai sót chủ yêu.

AWS A5.18 ER70S-6 & ER70S-G

Diễn giải

• ER: indicates filler metal may be used as either an electrode or rod.
• 70: indicates in 1000 psi increments the minimum tensile strength of the weld metal produced by the electrode when tested according to the specification. In this case, 70 indicates 70,000 psi.
• S: indicates that the filler metal wire is solid.
• 6: indicates the chemical composition of the solid filler metal wire. This wire has a Charpy V Notch impact property of -29 C.
• G: "as agreed to by purchaser and supplier". No specific requirements for chemistry, yield strength, elongation, impact strength.

 

Khác nhau về chi phí

ER70S-6 giá sẽ cao hơn ER70S-G.

Quy trình hàn

Khuyến khích chạy PQR mới với que hàn chịu nhiệt độ âm (-) tốt hơn.

Phân loại

Khác nhau về nhu cầu sử dụng thì phân loại khác nhau, nếu bạn làm về tàu bè / dịch vụ offshore thì tìm kiếm các hãng được chứng nhận bới các đăng kiểm uy tín như ABS, DNV, BV, ..

ASTM A312 - stainless steel pipe

What is a Material Test Report?
Material Test Report (MTC) is a quality assurance document generated by the mill manufacturer/process raw manufacturer and provided with the material to suppliers and fabricator. Please see type of inspection document.

 
Supplier
Normally, a fabricator purchase material from supplier who had stocked more type of materials and held the MTCs from mill manufacturer. It is available for submission and reviewing. So, you need to request them to send a sample MTC for review before shipping, it also avoids misunderstanding the requisition in PO and restriction of Approval’s Vendor List. Approval’s Vendor List is listed the mill manufacturer/ mill processor of some global company like TechnipFMC, Petronas, UOP, etc which limits in the specifications like country of origin, supplementary, inspection document, etc.

(sample MTC of pipe ASTM A312 type 316/316L)

ASTM A312 / A312M – Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless-Steel Pipes.

Material inspection and review its MTC are a cope of welding inspector that how to accept or reject when received MTC from supplier.

A lot of issue found when material delivery out, MTC come later such wrong heat number, wrong MTC, not comply with purchase order,…So, you should request to send MTC for reviewing before delivery.

 

Manufacturer and type of inspection certificates

who made product such pipe, tube, shape…

MTC shall state company’s name or workshop, location, certificate compliance.

Product markings: company’s name or company’s logo.

 

Trace number

Also called heat number, ladder number (L), cast number.

The trace number shall trace to all the test results of chemical analysis results, mechanical test results, NDE test results, etc.

Product markings: heat number or cast number.

 

Specifications and grades

Are a specification of material.

MTC shall be reported specification, grades, and year of edition.

Product markings: specifications number and material grade.

 

Manufacture/ Delivery condition 

Is method of manufacture to form a production such hot finish or cold finish, seamless or welded.

Abbreviation marking:

SMLS Seamless,

W Welded (RT or UT)

WX Welded (100% RT)

WU Welded (100% UT)

If RT/UT was performed for welded seam, the inspection report should attach to MTC.

 

Dimensions

Diameter, thickness are given in ASME B36.19M

Tolerance of the wall thickness, see table 3.

Product markings: size and thickness, example NPS 8” 20S

 

Weight

A mass per unit length.

If specified in purchase order the marking for pipe larger than NPS 4 shall include the weight.

 

Mechanical properties

Tensile strength, yield strength and percentage of elongation, see table 4.

Product markings not required

 

Chemical analysis

See table 1, MTC may report heat analysis (H) and/or product analysis (P).

Tolerance, see ASTM A999.

Material require may require to re-verify by Positive Material Inspection (PMI), you should note that PMI with or without carbon (C) content requirement, because it is effected your cost, PMI with carbon (C) content is higher cost than without carbon (C) content.

Product markings not required

 

Heat treatment

All stainless steel pipes shall be furnished in the heat treatment condition. After hot or cold working to size, then steel heated to ~1100°C.

Solution annealing is rapidly cooled by quenching into water to prevent any carbides or other phases forming.

Product marking is not required.

 

Hydrotest or non-destructive test

Each pipe shall be subjected to the nondestructive electric test or the hydrostatic test.

Test pressures see subsection 12 and subsection 22.2 in ASTM A999.

Product marking is hydrotest valve or NDE, both.

 

Supplementary

As specified in the purchase order such as PMI test, complied with NACE MR0175, Intergranular grain.

 

​Stated and certified by mill signature

Manufacturer statement of certification the product has been manufactured accordance to the specification and purchase order, etc. and endorsed by Quality department.

ASTM A36 - Material inspection and review MTC

 General requirement

__See requirement in Section 4 of ASTM A6/A6M-17a

__Additional information should be included in material requisition such type of inspection document MTC 3.1 or 3.2, production test, max. carbon equivalent (CE), country of origin, approval vendor list, …

Material and manufacture

__The steel shall be killed.

Chemical composition

__Let check chemical analysis in Table 3 of ASTM A36.

__Note: product analysis tolerance in Table A of ASTM A6.

____Heat analysis: test on casting, another name heat, casing.

____Product analysis: test on production after forming.

____% C and %Mn deviation sees foot note B in Table 3 of ASTM A36.

__Sampling for chemical analysis and methods of analysis shall be in accordance with ASTM A751.

Tension test

__Tensile requirement in Table 2, you should refer to specification and compare with an MTC.

__Remarks the foot note A) B) C) D) E) in Table 2 of ASTM A36 and then refer to ASTM A6 Para. 11 to check the statement in the MTC such orientation of test sample (transverse or longitudinal).

__Test sample should verify in the MTC:

____Position of test sample: top, bottom or middle.

____Tensile test: direction, size and gauge length of sample.

__Minimum number of tension test required, see Table B in ASTM A6.

Quality

__See Para. 9 in ASTM A6: … structural products are normally furnished in the as-rolled condition and are subjected to visual inspection by the manufacturer or processor.

__Refer to product form and delivery condition in purchase order.

Permitted variations and dimensions and weight

__See Para. 12 in ASTM A6.

__Too many fake MTC modified the thickness plate by Suppler, you can find it in the MTC.

Test report

__Test reports for each heat supplied are required, see Para. 14 in ASTM A6, Identification of structural products (markings):

Plate markings

____ASTM designation:  ASTM A36/A36M (year-date not required).

____Grade: (not required for A36)

____Heat number: xxxxx

____Size and thickness: 6 x 1254 x 6096 mm

____Name, brand or trademark of manufacturer: logo or tradename (NSSMC)

____Processor: ABC (stocker identification or distributor)

For structural products finished by other than the original manufacturer, the supplier of the structural product shall also provide the purchaser with a copy of the original manufacturer’s test report (Supplier shall certify true copy).

Location markings

__At least one plate of each finished plate or production.

__Other products and required marking, see Para. 18 of ASTM A6.

ASTM A234 - Material inspection and review MTC

Scopes

ASTM A234: specification for piping fitting of wrought carbon steel and alloy steel for moderate and high-temperature service.

Ordering information and general requirement sees ASTM A960.

Material
__Killed steel, forging, bars, plates, seamless or fusion-welded tubular product with filler added. “fusion-welded tubular with filler added: SAW, GTAW (filler add), GMAW”. MTC shall be cleared marking specification number, grades and date.
__If product comply another standard like, the MTC shall be stated test value, “ex. NACE MR 0175, MTC shall state hardness value, forming and heat treatment, read more in NACE MR0175 part 1, 2, 3.

Manufacture
__Forging or shaping operation by cold and hot forming.
__NDE may be performed either prior to or after forming on welded product.
__NDE reports must state in the MTC and available review by purchase.

Heat treatment
__Heat treatment shall be performed after forming, see para. 7 on ASTM A960
__ASTM A234 WPB most finished by normalizing, Annualizing.
__Other grades see section 7.0.

Chemical composition
__See table 1, It is identification by trace number, heat number, casting number, or heat code.
____L- ladle: test on casting, another name heat, casing.
____P- product: test on production after forming, see ASTM A960 for acceptance criteria.
__Carbon equivalent (CE) % = C n+ Mn/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)/5 +(Ni+Cu)/15: there are limit in the project specification and application.
__And other content limitation in specification, don’t forget see any foot notes in each table. If piping fitting formed from pipe, the MTC shall be stated “Material made from seamless pipe/welded pipe” and traceable heat number of pipe. NDE reports such RT/UT MP/PT shall attach to MTC if fitting made from welded tubular.

Mechanical properties
__See table 2 and ASTM A960.
__If tensile test on product, the MTC shall be stated sample dimension.

Hardness
__Fitting of all grades is allowed maximum 197 HB, except WP5, WP9, WPR, WP91, WP911.

Hydrostatic test
__See ASTM A960 if PO requirement.

Dimensions
__Dimension and tolerance given in ASME B16.9 for butt-weld fitting, ASTM B16.11 for threading/socket weld.

Surface quality
__See ASTM A960.

Repair by welding
__Most project prohibited, please check in PO requirement.

Certification
__See section 17.

Product marking
__It is a task of welding inspection to evaluate acceptance or rejection.
__See MSS-P-25 and ASME B16.9, B16.11.

Supplementary
__The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the inquiry, contract, and order such as CE%, hardness, heat treatment, NDE after forming, etc.
 

Bolt torque calculation ASME PCC-1 2019

Bolt torque calculation, lubrication factor, and nut factor to be determined in Appendix K of ASME PCC-1 2019.

• See formula (K-1) or (K-1M).
• Check flange rate and bolt size in Table L-1.
• Bolt stress determination in Appendix O. Normally bolt stress is approximately of 40-60% of yield strength, example ASTM A193 B7 – yield strength is 105ksi --> target bolt stress of 60% YS = 105*0.6 = 63ksi = 63x1000 = 63000 psi. Don’t worry no need to find root areas, bolt size and K factors. See Table O-3.2-1.
• Calculation target bolt torque Tb – see note (b) of Table O-3.2-1 (ft-lb).
• Example, See Table O-3.2-1 for Flange NPS ½”, nut factor K=0.2 (k=0.2), bolt material ASTM A193 B7 (check yield strength in Table 2 of ASME SA-193 2019 --> Bolt stress = 10560/100 = 63ksi) => Tb = 631.05 = 66 ft-lb.
• Next double check determination of bolt stress see example O-4.3 in ASME PCC-1 2019.

SI Unit see Table O-3.2-1M.

 

Bolting & gasket markings

 

ASME B16.20 - 2017 Gasket RJ

___Marking ASME B16.20 2017 - Section RJ-4 and Table RJ-4.

___Dimensional inspection: ASME B16.20 2017 - Section RJ-5 and Table RJ-5.

___Identification number: ASME B16.20 2017 - Section RJ-7 and Table RJ-5.

ASME B16.20 - 2017 Gasket SW

___Marking ASME B16.20 2017 - Section SW-4 and Table SW-4.1.

___Dimensional inspection: ASME B16.20 2017 - Section SW-2 and Table SW-2.1.

___Color coding: ASME B16.20 2017 - Section SW-4.3 and Table SW-3-1.

ASME SA-193/SA-193M - 2019

___Marking SA-193/SA-193M - Section 15 and ASME SA-962/SA-962M Section 20.3; 20.8.

ASME SA-194/SA-194M - 2019

___Marking SA-194/SA-194M - Section 13 and ASME SA-962/SA-962M Section 20.4; 20.8.

ASME SA-307 - 2019

___Marking SA-307 - Section 13.

ASME SA-325 - 2019

___Marking SA-325 - Section 15.

 

ASME SA-563 - 2019

___Marking SA-563 - Section 14.

ASME B16.11

 

Dimensional inspection: ASME B16.11 2016 - Section 6.
Tolerance: ASME B16.11 2016 - Section 7.

ASME B16.9 - Production Markings

(Carbon steel)

(Stainless Steel)

(Stainless Steel)

Dimensional inspection: ASME B16.9 2018 - Section 6 and Table 6.1.
Tolerance: ASME B16.9 2018 - Section 11 and Table 11-1.

ASME B16.5 - Production markings

Dimensional inspection: ASME B16.5 2017 - Section 6.

Tolerance: ASME B16.5 2017 - Section 7.

ASME A-516/A-516M Markings verification

ASME A-516/A-516M Markings verification


ASME SA-20/SA-20M-2019 - Production Marking - Section 13. 
 
Plate shall be legibly marked with (eg.):

• The specification number: SA-516.
• The manufacturer's name or brand: BCK.
• Grade:  GR.70N.
• Heat number: 3-5642.
• Plate identifier: 111-1.
• Heat treatment: MT.
• Additional: length, client, dimension, LTV...

 
Eg. SA516 Grade 70 MT LTV Normalized:

• MT = material heat treated, see Section 20 of SA-20 2019.
• LTV = Supplementary S5 "Charpy V-Notch Impact Test", see Supplementary Requirement S5 of SA-516 2019.

Code marking

• Code marking: Txxxx - Plate.
• Die stamp may be stamped on the thickness with T>= 6mm for carbon steel and  T>= 12 mm for stainless steel unless otherwise by supplementary requirements.

 
Dimensional and visual inspection

• Dimension/masses:  ASME SA-20/20M - 2019 Section 14.

 
Transfer markings
Guide to transfer markings information to the off-cut pieces:

• Step 1: Verify MTC and original markings are matched, dimensional / visual inspection for each plate.
• Step 2: Transfer the original markings to the off-cut pieces (unmarked cut pieces) by paint marker
• Step 3: Stamp "processor's name or trademark, brand (for resale) on both pieces, see Section 13.4 of SA-20/SA-20M.
• Step 4: Shot photo of the original markings and new transfer identification for preparing a report, photo report should minimum show all production markings, processor's identification, buyer name, date, signature, ... and attachment the MTC.
• Step 5: Cut the plates into aspect size for resale by processor.